There is not default '5 foot step' no. But various classes have bonus actions that allow them various unique options in combat.
For example the Rogue has Cunning Action:
Quote:
Cunning Action
Starting at 2nd level, your quick thinking and agility allow you to move and act quickly. You can take a bonus action on each of your turns in combat.
This action can b e used only to take the Dash, Disengage, or Hide action.
Quote:
Bonus Actions
Various class features, spells, and other abilities let you take an additional action on your turn called a bonus action. The Cunning Action feature, for example, allows a rogue to take a bonus action. You can take a bonus action only when a special ability, spell, or other feature of the game states that you can do something as a bonus action. You otherwise don’t have a bonus action to take.
You can take only one bonus action on your turn, so you must choose which bonus action to use when you have more than one available.
You choose when to take a bonus action during your turn, unless the bonus action’s timing is specified, and anything that deprives you o f your ability to take actions also prevents you from taking a bonus action.
Quote:
Disengage
If you take the Disengage action, your movement doesn’t
provoke opportunity attacks for the rest o f the turn.
Which means you should be able to attack, disengage, and then move your full speed around the battlefield without provoking. Bit better than a five foot step / shift if I'm reading it right.